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BULIDING AMERICA BENCHMARK DEFINITIONS
Benchmark House Specifications
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44816.pdf
[The following text is a very short introduction. Please go to the pdf file as it contains many tables you will want to study.]
The following sections summarize the definition of the Benchmark, updated for the fiscal year 2009 BA funding agreements. A comprehensive description of other important Building America reference houses (Builder Standard Practice and Regional Standard Practice), along with guidance for using hourly simulation tools to compare an energy-efficient Prototype house to the various base-case houses, can be found in the NREL technical report addressing systems-based performance analysis of residential buildings (Hendron et al. 2004). NREL and other Building America partners have also developed a series of tools, including spreadsheets with detailed hourly energy usage and load profiles, to help analysts apply the Benchmark quickly and in a consistent manner. These tools can be found on the BA Web site (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/perf_analysis.html). In addition, the Florida Solar Energy Center has developed a version of EnergyGauge that automatically generates the Benchmark model when the specifications for a Prototype house are entered.
Any element of the Benchmark definition that is not specifically addressed in the following sections is assumed to be the same as the Prototype house. Because the definition is intended to be software-neutral, certain elements of the Benchmark cannot be modeled directly using every common simulation tool. If the energy use associated with such elements is significant, then they should be modeled or hand-calculated separately from the building model and reasonable adjustments should be made to the whole-house simulation results. If there is no significant energy effect associated with these elements, the Prototype and Benchmark should be modeled using similar approximations in an energy-neutral manner. The full Building America Performance Analysis Procedures (Hendron et al. 2004) include application notes addressing some practical implementation issues that may be encountered when simulating the Benchmark using DOE-2.2 or EnergyGauge.
Building Envelope
All building envelope components (including walls, windows, foundation, roof, and floors) for the Benchmark shall be consistent with the HERS Reference Home as defined by the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) and the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in the “National Home Energy Rating Technical Guidelines,” dated September 19, 1999 (RESNET 2002). These requirements are summarized below, along with a few minor clarifications and additional requirements. References to U-values in the 1993 Model Energy Code have been updated to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), because the corresponding U-values are identical and the IECC is more readily available (ICC 2003).
The Benchmark envelope specifications are as follows:
• The same shape and size as the Prototype
• The same area of surfaces bounding conditioned space as the Prototype with the exception of the attic, which shall be insulated at the attic floor and have a ventilation area of 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 ceiling area, regardless of the Prototype attic design
• The same foundation type (slab, crawl space, or basement) as the Prototype
• The same basement wall construction type as the Prototype (e.g., masonry, wood frame, other)
• No sunrooms
• No horizontal fenestration, defined as skylights, or light pipes oriented less than 45° from a horizontal plane
• Window area (AF), including framing, determined by Equation 1 for detached homes and by Equation 2 for attached homes
Equation 1: AF = 0.18 × AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 x AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm
Equation 2: AF = (0.18 x AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 × AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm ) × F 2
Benchmark House Specifications
The following sections summarize the definition of the Benchmark, updated for the fiscal year 2009 BA funding agreements. A comprehensive description of other important Building America reference houses (Builder Standard Practice and Regional Standard Practice), along with guidance for using hourly simulation tools to compare an energy-efficient Prototype house to the various base-case houses, can be found in the NREL technical report addressing systems-based performance analysis of residential buildings (Hendron et al. 2004). NREL and other Building America partners have also developed a series of tools, including spreadsheets with detailed hourly energy usage and load profiles, to help analysts apply the Benchmark quickly and in a consistent manner. These tools can be found on the BA Web site (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/perf_analysis.html). In addition, the Florida Solar Energy Center has developed a version of EnergyGauge that automatically generates the Benchmark model when the specifications for a Prototype house are entered.
Any element of the Benchmark definition that is not specifically addressed in the following sections is assumed to be the same as the Prototype house. Because the definition is intended to be software-neutral, certain elements of the Benchmark cannot be modeled directly using every common simulation tool. If the energy use associated with such elements is significant, then they should be modeled or hand-calculated separately from the building model and reasonable adjustments should be made to the whole-house simulation results. If there is no significant energy effect associated with these elements, the Prototype and Benchmark should be modeled using similar approximations in an energy-neutral manner. The full Building America Performance Analysis Procedures (Hendron et al. 2004) include application notes addressing some practical implementation issues that may be encountered when simulating the Benchmark using DOE-2.2 or EnergyGauge.
Building Envelope
All building envelope components (including walls, windows, foundation, roof, and floors) for the Benchmark shall be consistent with the HERS Reference Home as defined by the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) and the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in the “National Home Energy Rating Technical Guidelines,” dated September 19, 1999 (RESNET 2002). These requirements are summarized below, along with a few minor clarifications and additional requirements. References to U-values in the 1993 Model Energy Code have been updated to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), because the corresponding U-values are identical and the IECC is more readily available (ICC 2003).
The Benchmark envelope specifications are as follows:
•
The same shape and size as the Prototype
•
The same area of surfaces bounding conditioned space as the Prototype with the exception of the attic, which shall be insulated at the attic floor and have a ventilation area of 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 ceiling area, regardless of the Prototype attic design
•
The same foundation type (slab, crawl space, or basement) as the Prototype
•
The same basement wall construction type as the Prototype (e.g., masonry, wood frame, other)
•
No sunrooms
•
No horizontal fenestration, defined as skylights, or light pipes oriented less than 45° from a horizontal plane
•
Window area (AF), including framing, determined by Equation 1 for detached homes and by Equation 2 for attached homes
Equation 1: AF = 0.18 × AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 x AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm
Equation 2: AF = (0.18 x AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 × AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm ) × F 2
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44816.pdf
[The following text is a very short introduction. Please go to the pdf file as it contains many tables you will want to study.]
The following sections summarize the definition of the Benchmark, updated for the fiscal year 2009 BA funding agreements. A comprehensive description of other important Building America reference houses (Builder Standard Practice and Regional Standard Practice), along with guidance for using hourly simulation tools to compare an energy-efficient Prototype house to the various base-case houses, can be found in the NREL technical report addressing systems-based performance analysis of residential buildings (Hendron et al. 2004). NREL and other Building America partners have also developed a series of tools, including spreadsheets with detailed hourly energy usage and load profiles, to help analysts apply the Benchmark quickly and in a consistent manner. These tools can be found on the BA Web site (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/perf_analysis.html). In addition, the Florida Solar Energy Center has developed a version of EnergyGauge that automatically generates the Benchmark model when the specifications for a Prototype house are entered.
Any element of the Benchmark definition that is not specifically addressed in the following sections is assumed to be the same as the Prototype house. Because the definition is intended to be software-neutral, certain elements of the Benchmark cannot be modeled directly using every common simulation tool. If the energy use associated with such elements is significant, then they should be modeled or hand-calculated separately from the building model and reasonable adjustments should be made to the whole-house simulation results. If there is no significant energy effect associated with these elements, the Prototype and Benchmark should be modeled using similar approximations in an energy-neutral manner. The full Building America Performance Analysis Procedures (Hendron et al. 2004) include application notes addressing some practical implementation issues that may be encountered when simulating the Benchmark using DOE-2.2 or EnergyGauge.
Building Envelope
All building envelope components (including walls, windows, foundation, roof, and floors) for the Benchmark shall be consistent with the HERS Reference Home as defined by the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) and the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in the “National Home Energy Rating Technical Guidelines,” dated September 19, 1999 (RESNET 2002). These requirements are summarized below, along with a few minor clarifications and additional requirements. References to U-values in the 1993 Model Energy Code have been updated to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), because the corresponding U-values are identical and the IECC is more readily available (ICC 2003).
The Benchmark envelope specifications are as follows:
• The same shape and size as the Prototype
• The same area of surfaces bounding conditioned space as the Prototype with the exception of the attic, which shall be insulated at the attic floor and have a ventilation area of 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 ceiling area, regardless of the Prototype attic design
• The same foundation type (slab, crawl space, or basement) as the Prototype
• The same basement wall construction type as the Prototype (e.g., masonry, wood frame, other)
• No sunrooms
• No horizontal fenestration, defined as skylights, or light pipes oriented less than 45° from a horizontal plane
• Window area (AF), including framing, determined by Equation 1 for detached homes and by Equation 2 for attached homes
Equation 1: AF = 0.18 × AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 x AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm
Equation 2: AF = (0.18 x AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 × AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm ) × F 2
Benchmark House Specifications
The following sections summarize the definition of the Benchmark, updated for the fiscal year 2009 BA funding agreements. A comprehensive description of other important Building America reference houses (Builder Standard Practice and Regional Standard Practice), along with guidance for using hourly simulation tools to compare an energy-efficient Prototype house to the various base-case houses, can be found in the NREL technical report addressing systems-based performance analysis of residential buildings (Hendron et al. 2004). NREL and other Building America partners have also developed a series of tools, including spreadsheets with detailed hourly energy usage and load profiles, to help analysts apply the Benchmark quickly and in a consistent manner. These tools can be found on the BA Web site (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/perf_analysis.html). In addition, the Florida Solar Energy Center has developed a version of EnergyGauge that automatically generates the Benchmark model when the specifications for a Prototype house are entered.
Any element of the Benchmark definition that is not specifically addressed in the following sections is assumed to be the same as the Prototype house. Because the definition is intended to be software-neutral, certain elements of the Benchmark cannot be modeled directly using every common simulation tool. If the energy use associated with such elements is significant, then they should be modeled or hand-calculated separately from the building model and reasonable adjustments should be made to the whole-house simulation results. If there is no significant energy effect associated with these elements, the Prototype and Benchmark should be modeled using similar approximations in an energy-neutral manner. The full Building America Performance Analysis Procedures (Hendron et al. 2004) include application notes addressing some practical implementation issues that may be encountered when simulating the Benchmark using DOE-2.2 or EnergyGauge.
Building Envelope
All building envelope components (including walls, windows, foundation, roof, and floors) for the Benchmark shall be consistent with the HERS Reference Home as defined by the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) and the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in the “National Home Energy Rating Technical Guidelines,” dated September 19, 1999 (RESNET 2002). These requirements are summarized below, along with a few minor clarifications and additional requirements. References to U-values in the 1993 Model Energy Code have been updated to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), because the corresponding U-values are identical and the IECC is more readily available (ICC 2003).
The Benchmark envelope specifications are as follows:
•
The same shape and size as the Prototype
•
The same area of surfaces bounding conditioned space as the Prototype with the exception of the attic, which shall be insulated at the attic floor and have a ventilation area of 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 ceiling area, regardless of the Prototype attic design
•
The same foundation type (slab, crawl space, or basement) as the Prototype
•
The same basement wall construction type as the Prototype (e.g., masonry, wood frame, other)
•
No sunrooms
•
No horizontal fenestration, defined as skylights, or light pipes oriented less than 45° from a horizontal plane
•
Window area (AF), including framing, determined by Equation 1 for detached homes and by Equation 2 for attached homes
Equation 1: AF = 0.18 × AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 x AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm
Equation 2: AF = (0.18 x AFL,Liv × FA,Liv + 0.18 × AFL,Bsm × FA,Bsm ) × F 2
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